[丽莎]研究表明，世界上许多最幸福的国家也是最适合女性的国家——原因如下

世界上一些最幸福的国家也是性别最平等的国家。

冰岛、芬兰、瑞典、挪威和新西兰均出现在两个关键排名的前十名：《世界幸福报告》年度全球最幸福国家排行榜和世界经济论坛《全球性别差距报告》排名全球最幸福国家——平等的国家。

尽管自 2023 年以来这两份报告都没有更新过，但这些国家多年来一直在实现性别平等和提高居民幸福感方面引领世界，至少自 2018 年以来在这两个榜单上均名列前茅。

联合国可持续发展解决方案网络是《世界幸福报告》的背后组织，它使用六个因素对各国的幸福进行评分：社会支持、收入、健康、自由、慷慨和反腐败。

世界经济论坛从四个维度比较了各国的性别差距：经济机会；

教育程度；

健康和生存；

和政治赋权。

世界上最幸福的国家也在社会和经济上倡导性别平等，这并非巧合。

这些国家的居民和工作场所专家表示，对性别平等的积极态度有助于居民的整体福祉。

北欧国家如何利用社会政策促进性别平等和幸福

世界经济论坛在其研究中建立了社会政策、家庭幸福和女性职业发展之间的明确关联。

北欧国家——冰岛、瑞典、芬兰和挪威——为父母提供了世界上最慷慨的带薪休假政策。

在挪威，新父母有权享受总共 49 周的全薪假期或 59 周的 80% 薪假。

其中，15 周留给母亲，15 周留给父亲，剩下的 19 周可以由他们认为合适的人分享。

克里斯塔·亚历克斯 (Krysta Alexa) 是一名美国侨民，在挪威第二大城市卑尔根抚养两个孩子，目前正在与刚出生的儿子休产假（出于隐私原因，她拒绝透露自己的姓氏和孩子的名字）。

“在这里，我觉得我可以拥有一切，我可以平衡事业和母亲的身份，”这位 32 岁的项目管理人员解释道。

“在其他国家，由于与儿童保育相关的费用，你可能不得不放弃你的职业生涯并留在家里照顾你的孩子，但在挪威，有明确的支持让你的职业生活围绕家庭灵活。”

在其中一些国家，获得负担得起的儿童保育服务是北欧居民认为可以提高妇女和家庭福祉的另一项资源。

"The burden of being a working mother is made a lot lighter in Sweden as compared to the U.S.," says Linda Akeson McGurk, a Swedish-American writer raising her two daughters in southwest Sweden. McGurk lived in the U.S. for 15 years before moving back to Sweden with her kids in 2018.

As a single mom, McGurk was worried about finding after-school care for her daughters in Sweden, given how expensive — and in some cases, competitive — it was for them in the U.S.

But the 45-year-old says she was "pleasantly surprised" at how easy it was to find affordable child care, thanks to the government-subsidized after-school programs Sweden offers for students and their families.

Such policies' positive impact on women and families can't be understated. In Norway, increased federal financing for daycare has prompted more mothers to return to the workforce, while Sweden has one of the highest percentages of mothers in the workforce of the 38 countries counted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

"All of these different components of social welfare help lighten the load of parenthood and diminish the gap between genders," says McGurk. "That makes it a lot easier to hold on to a career, and a life overall, that you're happy with."

Progress on equal pay could mean happier employees

Some of the happiest countries in the world have introduced measures to shrink the gender wage gap. Workplace experts say such efforts could help workers there feel more secure and satisfied in their careers.

In August, New Zealand's government introduced legislation to require large businesses to report the state of their gender pay gaps in a bid to make workplaces more equitable, Bloomberg reports. While it's unclear when, or if, such legislation might pass, New Zealand already has one of the smallest gender wage gaps in the world, standing at about 14%, according to the WEF.

Six years ago, Iceland introduced a policy that requires organizations with more than 25 employees to prove that they pay men and women in the same roles equally.

While the WEF pegs the wage gap between men and women in Iceland at 21%, other sources, including the OECD, put the gap at closer to 10%.

If companies show they pay their employees equally regardless of gender, they receive a certification. Beginning in 2020, certification became a requirement for employers with 25 or more workers, and companies without certification incur a daily fine, according to Ines Wagner, a researcher at the Institute for Social Research in Oslo, Norway.

Wagner studied the impact of Iceland's pay transparency policy on workers' well-being and found that both employees and managers reported higher job satisfaction and trust in the workplace after its implementation.

瓦格纳是挪威奥斯陆大学的研究教授，也是哈佛大学欧洲研究中心的肯尼迪纪念馆研究员，他指出：“如果人们觉得自己得到了公平的报酬，他们通常会在工作中感到更快乐。”出去。

“这些政策还开创了鼓励员工为自己辩护并合作创造更健康、更公平的工作环境的先例。”

这些国家还采用其他策略来促进工作场所的公平。

瑞典斯德哥尔摩大学组织心理学教授克劳迪娅·伯恩哈德-奥特尔表示，芬兰、冰岛和瑞典

向其公民提供免费大学学费，这有助于让人们更平等地获得高薪工作机会。

“研究表明，最幸福的国家往往是最富有和最贫穷之间差距最小的国家，”她解释道。

“在幸福感和性别平等方面排名靠前的国家已经成功地建立了一个人们认为自己能够取得成功并在教育或职业追求上得到支持的国家。”

需要明确的是，最幸福的国家——即使是最适合女性的国家——也远非完美。

例如，在冰岛，数万名妇女于 10 月份参加了为期一天的罢工，以抗议冰岛妇女面临的持续性别工资差距和基于性别的暴力。

伯恩哈德-奥特尔补充道：“即使我们在性别平等和幸福方面比其他国家领先，但仍有很多工作要做。”

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