[伯特]欧盟议会通过了具有里程碑意义的人工智能法案——以下是我们所期待的

3 月 14 日，欧洲议会最终批准了欧盟人工智能 (AI) 法——《欧盟人工智能法案》，这是世界上第一套全面的人工智能法规之一。

欧盟议会网站称，《欧盟人工智能法案》将管辖由 27 个成员国组成的联盟，以确保“人工智能值得信赖、安全并尊重欧盟基本权利，同时支持创新”。

根据公告，该法案以 523 票赞成的票数获得通过。

46票反对，49票弃权。

Cointelegraph 在投票前参加了一场虚拟新闻发布会，会上欧盟议会成员 Brando Benifei 和 Dragos Tudorache 向媒体发表了讲话，称这是“我们漫长的人工智能监管道路上的历史性的一天”。

贝尼菲表示，立法的最终结果将有助于创建“安全且以人为中心的人工智能”，其测试“反映了欧盟议会的优先事项”。

该立法于五年前首次提出，并在去年随着强大的人工智能模型开始开发和大规模使用而加速。

2023 年 12 月，议会经过贝尼菲所说的“漫长谈判”后达成了临时协议，随后内部市场和公民自由委员会于 2 月 13 日以 71 比 8 投票通过了该临时协议。

当立法者今天锁定最终投票时，图多拉奇评论说：

“作为一个联盟，我们向全世界发出了一个信号，即我们非常认真地对待这一问题……现在我们必须开放地与其他人合作……我们必须开放地与尽可能多的人建立[人工智能]治理志同道合的民主国家。”

人工智能行动

在今天的行动之后，在法律翻译阶段，欧盟法律将被翻译成所有成员国的语言，届时将进行细微的语言更改。

据 EuroNews 报道，该法案将于 4 月份进行第二次投票，并可能于 5 月份在欧盟官方期刊上发布。

11 月，所有禁止行为的禁令都将开始生效。

贝尼菲表示，这些规定从颁布之日起就具有强制性。

除了禁止的做法外，贝尼菲澄清说，“一开始，这不会是完全强制性的。

有一个时间表。”

受到什么影响？

The EU AI Act places machine learning models into four categories based on the risk they pose to society, with high-risk models subject to the most restrictive rules.

According to the EU’s website “unacceptable risk” is the top category that bans “all AI systems considered a clear threat to the safety, livelihoods and rights of people will be banned, from social scoring by governments to toys using voice assistance that encourages dangerous behavior.”

Related: Elon Musk makes Grok AI open source amid ongoing OpenAI lawsuit

An example of this would include the use of AI-powered remote biometric identification systems to scan faces in public by local authorities.

“High-risk” applications include critical infrastructures, educational or vocational training, safety components of products, essential private and public services, law enforcement that may interfere with people’s fundamental rights, migration and border control management and administration of justice and democratic processes.

“Limited risk” is related to the level of transparency in AI usage. It gives the example of interacting with AI chatbots and the need for users to be aware of interacting with a machine, along with ensuring that AI-generated content is identifiable.

The EU has created a tool called “The EU AI Act Compliance Checker,” which allows organizations to see where they fall within the legislation.

The EU’s AI Act makes space for the “free use” of “minimal-risk” AI, which includes applications such as AI-enabled video games or spam filters.

According to the EU, currently the “vast majority”of AI systems used in the EU are in this category.

AI chatbots

Additionally, provisions for generative-AI models were added by lawmakers with the explosion in popularity and accessibility of AI chatbots such as ChatGPT, Grok and Gemini.

General-purpose AI model developers, including local EU startups and some of the bigger names previously mentioned, will need to hand over detailed summaries of the training data used to train such systems and stay compliant with EU copyright law.

Deepfake content that has been generated using AI must also be labeled in accordance with the law as artificially manipulated.

Response from tech companies

Previously, the EU’s AI Act received pushback from local businesses and tech companies who urged authorities not to overregulate emerging AI technologies at the cost of innovation.

In June 2023, executives from 160 companies in the tech industry drafted an open letter to EU regulators outlining the implications on local innovation if regulations are too-strict.

However, upon approving the world’s first comprehensive set of AI legislation, the EU Parliament received praise from the tech giant IBM in a statement from Christina Montgomery, its vice president and chief privacy and trust officer. She said:

“我赞扬欧盟在通过全面、智能的人工智能立法方面发挥的带头作用。

基于风险的方法符合 IBM 对道德 AI 实践的承诺，并将有助于构建开放且值得信赖的 AI 生态系统。”

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